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The Medici reigned as Grand Dukes of Tuscany, starting with Cosimo I de' Medici in 1569 and ending with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici in 1737. Marie de' Medici married Henry IV of France and gave birth to the future King Louis XIII. Catherine de Medici married King Henry II of France and, after his death in 1559, reigned as regent in France. Two members of the family were popes in the early 16th century: Leo X and Clement VII. Lorenzo de' Medici was considered a political and cultural mastermind of Italy in the late 15th century. They similarly financed the papacy, including the construction of their provisional capital of Avignon and, after their return to Rome, the reconstruction and Renaissance embellishment of Rome.įlorence was home to the Medici, one of European history's most important noble families. Florentine bankers financed the English kings during the Hundred Years War. Starting from the late Middle Ages, Florentine money-in the form of the gold florin-financed the development of industry all over Europe, from Britain to Bruges, to Lyon and Hungary. Thanks especially to the works of the Tuscans Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio, the Florentine dialect, above all the local dialects, was adopted as the basis for a national literary language. The language spoken in the city during the 14th century came to be accepted as the model for what would become the Italian language. It was politically, economically, and culturally one of the most important cities in Europe and the world from the 14th to 16th centuries.

View of Florence by Hartmann Schedel, published in 1493įlorence originated as a Roman city, and later, after a long period as a flourishing trading and banking medieval commune, it was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance.

9.4 Florence public transport statistics.

4.1 Monuments, museums and religious buildings.

1.3.2 Savonarola, Machiavelli, and the Medici popes.

įlorence plays an important role in Italian fashion, and is ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world by Global Language Monitor furthermore, it is a major national economic centre, as well as a tourist and industrial hub. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, Forbes has ranked it as the most beautiful city in the world. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city attracts millions of tourists each year, and UNESCO declared the Historic Centre of Florence a World Heritage Site in 1982. The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini. From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy (established in 1861). Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. It is considered by many academics to have been the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called "the Athens of the Middle Ages".

įlorence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area. Florence ( / ˈ f l ɒr ən s/ FLORR-ənss Italian: Firenze ( listen)) is a city in Central-Northern Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region.